Biology PLATYHELMINTHES AND ASCHELMINTHES

KEY TOPICS

`star` Phylum Platyhelminthes
a. Introduction
b. Special Features
c. Development

`star` Phylum Aschelminthes
a. Introduction
b. Special Features
c. Development

PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES : A) INTRODUCTION

● `color{Brown}"Members"`: Members of this phylum are called `color{Violet}"flatworms"` because of their dorso-ventrally flattened body.

● `color{Brown}"Mode of Nutrition"`: These are mostly `color{Violet}"endoparasites"` found in animals including human beings.

● `color{Brown}"Basic Features"`: Flatworms are `color{Violet}"bilaterally symmetrical"`, `color{Violet}"triploblastic"` and `color{Violet}"acoelomate"` animals with `color{Violet}"organ level of organisation"` (some have organ system level of classification).

● `color{Brown}"Examples"`: 𝘛𝘢𝘦𝘯𝘪𝘢 (Tape worm), 𝘍𝘢𝘴𝘤𝘪𝘰𝘭𝘢 (Liver fluke).

B) SPECIAL FEATURES

● `color{Violet}"Hooks"` and `color{Violet}"suckers"` are present in the parasitic forms.

● Some of them absorb nutrients from the host directly through their body surface.

● Specialised cells called `color{Violet}"flame cells"` help in osmoregulation and excretion.

C) DEVELOPMENT

● Sexes are not separate.

● Fertilisation is `color{Violet}"internal"` and development is through many `color{Violet}"larval stages"`.

● Some members like `color{Violet}"𝘗𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘢"` possess high `color{Violet}"regeneration capacity"`.

PHYLUM ASCHELMINTHES A) INTRODUCTION

● `color{Brown}"Members"`: Members of this phylum are commonly known as `color{Violet}"Roundworms"` (because the body is circular in cross section).

● `color{Brown}"Habitat"`: They may be free living, aquatic and terrestrial or parasitic in plants and animals.

● `color{Brown}"Basic Features"`: They are `color{Violet}"bilaterally symmetrical"`, `color{Violet}"triploblastic"` and`color{Violet}"pseudocoelomate"` animals with an `color{Violet}"organ system level of organisation"`.

● `color{Brown}"Examples"` : 𝘈𝘴𝘤𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘴 (Round Worm), 𝘞𝘶𝘤𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘢 (Filaria worm), 𝘈𝘯𝘤𝘺𝘭𝘰𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘢 (Hookworm).

B) SPECIAL FEATURES

● `color{Brown}"Digestive System"`: Alimentary canal is `color{Violet}"complete"` (with a mouth opening and an anal opening) with a well developed `color{Violet}"muscular pharynx"`.

● `color{Brown}"Excretory System"`: An `color{Violet}"excretory tube"` removes body wastes from the body cavity through the `color{Violet}"excretory pore"`.

C) DEVELOPMENT

● `color{Brown}"Sexes"` : Sexes are separate (`color{Violet}"dioecious"`), i.e., males and females are distinct. Often females are longer than males.

● `color{Brown}"Development"` : Fertilisation is `color{Violet}"internal"` and development may be `color{Violet}"direct"` (the young ones resemble the adult) or `color{Violet}"indirect"`.

 
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